Kev txiav txim siab siab -Voltage Series Reactors: Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, Kev faib tawm thiab cov phiaj xwm hloov kho

I. Kev Taw Qhia
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub fais fab system, high voltage series reactor plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb. Raws li "stabilizers" thiab "regulator" ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob, lawv ua kom zoo dua cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm lub zog thauj khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm high voltage tandem reactor tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. Hauv daim ntawv no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev faib cov qauv, kev taw qhia ua haujlwm, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kab sib chaws thiab cov kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntawm hv series reactor yuav raug tham kom ntxaws, uas yuav muab cov lus qhia dav dav rau cov neeg nyeem kom nkag siab txog hv series reactor.
ii. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Lub Cev Lub Cev Mechanisms thiab Txoj Cai Tam Sim No ntawm Electromagnetic Resonance
2.1 Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Electromagnetic Induction thiab Series Resonance
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm high voltage series reactor yog raws li txoj cai electromagnetic induction thiab series resonance txoj cai. Electromagnetic induction txoj cai tuav tseg tias thaum lub flux los ntawm kev kaw tus neeg xyuas pib hloov, qhov induction emf tshwm sim hauv tus neeg xyuas pib. Series resonance tshwm sim thaum inductance (L) thiab lub capacitor (C) raug sib koom ua ke. Inductive Reaction (XL) ntawm ib zaus
thiab capacitive reactance (XC)
) Qhov loj me yog tib yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Lub sijhawm no, tag nrho cov impedance ntawm Circuit Court yog ze rau xoom thiab cov peaks tam sim no.
2.2 Formula rau kev xam cov tsis tseem ceeb
Resonance zaus (f0
) yog suav nrog cov qauv f0.
Raws li xav tau=2
1
los txiav txim qhov resonance zaus ntawm qhov system. Inductive reactance (XL
) yog xam raws li XL
Zaus=2kev mus los
Qhia tias qhov tsis kam ntawm tus inductor rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no yog proportional rau zaus thiab inductance. Lub capacitive reactance (XC
) yog xam raws li XC
1
Qhia tau hais tias lub capacitor tawm tsam rau AC yog inversely proportional rau zaus thiab capacitance. Ntawm resonant zaus, XL
TAG NRHO=XC
.
2.3 Daim ntawv thov tiag
Hauv 6 kV -35 kV lub tshuab hluav taws xob, siab -voltage tandem reactors feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cov tsev txhab nyiaj capacitor. Siab - xaj harmonics, xws li thib peb- xaj harmonics thiab thib tsib-order harmonics, tuaj yeem lim tau zoo los ntawm kev sib piv qhov sib piv (feem ntau ntawm 4.5% thiab 12%). Piv txwv li, thaum lub reactance ratio yog xaiv ntawm 6%, lub capacitor banks muaj tsawg impedance rau lub thib tsib harmonic, ua rau feem ntau ntawm lub thib tsib harmonic tam sim no ntws mus rau hauv lub capacitor bank. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob, zam lub capacitor overheating lossis rwb thaiv tsev puas, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua kom ruaj khov ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
III. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv: Ib qho ntau- Kev Ntsuas Dimensional los ntawm Hom Qhuav mus rau Roj-Immered Hom
3.1 Qhuav-Hom Cua-Core Reactors
3.1.1 Magnetic Conduction hom thiab tsim nta
Qhuav core reactors siv huab cua raws li qhov sib nqus conduction nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab tsim los ua roj -dawb. Qhov no tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj to thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txo cov hluav taws kub thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb. Lawv kuj tsim cov suab nrov tsawg, feem ntau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 45 dB, kom txo lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Cov resistors no muaj qhov zoo impedance linearity, tsawg impedance hloov nyob rau hauv txawv tam sim no, thiab ruaj khov tam sim no limiting thiab filtering zog. Lawv muaj lub zog txhua yam thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qee yam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev vibrations. Txawm li cas los xij, qhuav- cov tub ntxhais reactors muaj qhov sib nqus loj heev thiab yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw tsim khoom txaus kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig. Lawv feem ntau haum rau cov chaw ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab lwm qhov chaw qhib.
3.1.2 Cov ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem
Cua qhuav-cov tub ntxhais reactor yog ib hom kev sib tw hauv nroog network substations. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, epoxy resin nqus casting txheej txheem, nrog zoo waterproof thiab noo noo tsis kam, tuaj yeem hloov mus rau txhua yam ntawm qhov hnyav sab nraum zoov. Qee qhov ntawm lawv qhov kev tso tawm qis dua cov qauv kev lag luam, txo qee qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm reactors.
3.2 Qhuav-Hom Hlau-Core Reactors
3.2.1 Hlau-Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv sib nqus Circuit Court
Qhuav core reactor txais siab -zoo qis- poob txias- dov oriented silicon steel nplooj ntawv ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov phaj no muaj qhov sib nqus permeability siab thiab poob qis, uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub reactor. Lawv kaw qhov hluav taws xob khaws cov flux feem ntau hauv cov tub ntxhais hlau, txo cov hlau nplaum sib nqus thiab txo cov kev cuam tshuam sib nqus nrog cov khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig.
3.2.2 Qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo thiab ntsuas kev txhim kho
Cov reactors no npog thaj tsam me me thiab tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw kaw, xws li 10 kV faib cov khoom txee. Lawv cov roj- qauv tsim dawb tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj paug thiab hluav taws thiab ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm. Txawm li cas los xij, luv luv - Circuit Court kam rau ua rau qhuav - core reactors yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm luv luv - Circuit Court tsis ua hauj lwm, muaj zog luv luv - Circuit Court tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais thiab winding puas. Txhawm rau txo qis kev vibration, tooj liab xov hlau raug mob rau hauv ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab silicone roj hmab shock pads raug ntsia rau hauv qab ntawm lub reactor. Raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, lub neej kev pabcuam tuaj yeem muaj ntau tshaj 20 xyoo.
3.3 Roj-Immersed Iron-Core Reactors
3.3.1 Kev sib piv ntawm qhov cua txias nruab nrab thiab poob
Cov roj-impregnatedcore reactor siv cov roj insulating ua qhov nruab nrab cua txias. Insulating roj muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cua sov tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub reactor. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhov poob qis dua li cov reactors qhuav.
3.3.2 Kev txwv kev siv thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios
Vim yog siv cov roj insulating, cov roj- cov roj reactors immersed ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub thiab xav tau cov chaw tiv thaiv hluav taws. Lawv tsis haum rau kev siv sab hauv tsev thiab feem ntau yog siv rau ultra- high voltage kis kab. Nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws, cov cua sov dissipation efficiency tuaj yeem hloov kho tau raws li qhov ntsuas kub, uas tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob zoo, txwv tsis pub dhau lub zog ntawm lub zog zaus thiab xyuas kom ruaj khov ntawm uhv kis kab mob.
IV. INTRODUCTION Functional Positioning: Triple Function of Limiting Flow, Harmonic Filtering thiab Reactive Power Compensation
4.1 Luv-Circuit Current Limiting
Sensors yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm "countercurrent variation." luv-circuit tam sim no nce sai heev nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv thaum daim phiaj fais fab muaj luv luv - Circuit Court txhaum. Los ntawm lawv cov nyhuv inductive, high voltage series reactor tuaj yeem txwv qhov nce thiab ncov tus nqi ntawm luv luv Circuit Court tam sim no thiab khaws luv luv Circuit Court tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub siab ntev ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, luv luv -circuit tam sim no uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 kA tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau 50 kVA tom qab kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb xws li siab -voltage series reactors, tiv thaiv transformers thiab Circuit Court breakers los ntawm ntau dhau tam sim no thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm lawv lub neej kev pab cuam.
4.2 Kev tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo
High voltage series resistor sib txuas nrog capacitor los tsim cov kab hluav taws xob tsis zoo uas siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov resonance los tsim ib qho qis -impedance txoj hauv kev rau qee zaus harmonics. Nyob rau hauv lub load ntawm arc rauv nyob rau hauv lub metallurgical kev lag luam, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm harmonic tam sim no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsib harmonics, yog tsim. Los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog 6%, cov khoom siv lim dej tuaj yeem ua suab nrov ntawm tsib zaus sib haum xeeb thiab feem ntau ntawm tsib qhov kev sib raug zoo tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv lub lim dej. Qhov no lim tawm ntau tshaj 80% ntawm tsib harmonics, zoo heev txhim kho lub hwj chim zoo thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm harmonics rau lub hwj chim daim phiaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
4.3 Reactive Power Compensation Optimization
Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim system, inductive loads xws li lub cev muaj zog thiab transformer siv ib tug ntau ntawm passive zog, uas ua rau kom txo hwj chim yam tseem ceeb thiab nce ntawm kab poob. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm high voltage series reactor thiab capacitor banks tuaj yeem them cov nqi hluav taws xob uas siv los ntawm inductive loads thiab ua kom lub zog ntau dua 0.95. Nyob rau hauv ntev - kis tau tus mob nyob deb, kab nws tus kheej muaj capacitive reactive hwj chim, yooj yim ua rau generator tus kheej - excitation resonance thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Series reactors tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lub peev xwm reactive zog ntawm txoj kab, ua rau kev faib hluav taws xob tsis zoo hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob tsim nyog, txo cov kab poob thiab txhim kho kev sib kis.
V. Grid Adaptation: Customized solutions from Voltage Level to Scenario Requirements
5.1 Voltage Level Adaptation
5.1.1 6 kV -35 kV Systems
6 kV -35 kV fais fab tshuab feem ntau siv cov reactors qhuav. Qhov sib piv ntawm reactance feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 4.5% thiab 12%, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 60 kVar thiab 1000 kVar. Qhov kev teeb tsa no haum rau hauv nroog substation, underground substation thiab lwm yam. Nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev txwv tam sim no, lim thiab reactive fais fab nyiaj them raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau theem voltage no.
5.1.2 220 20kV thiab Saum toj no
Rau cov tshuab ntawm 220 kilowatts thiab saum toj no, roj- cov reactors immersed feem ntau yog siv, nrog lub peev xwm ntsuas ntawm ntau txhiab MVar. Cov roj loj loj dej nyab reactors tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov muaj peev xwm siab thiab qhov siab voltage ntawm UHV cov kab sib kis, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob reactive ntawm cov kab, txwv tsis pub dhau qhov hluav taws xob ntau zaus thiab xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm UHV fais fab kab sib chaws.
5.2 Kev hloov kho ib puag ncig
5.2.1 Siab -Qhov chaw siab tshaj
At high altitudes (>2000 m altitude), huab cua ceev txo thiab cov cua kub dissipation tej yam kev mob deteriorate. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub ib txwm, nws cov peev xwm ntsuas yuav tsum tau txo qis los ntawm 10 mus rau 15 feem pua ​​​​los them rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov huab cua tsawg ntawm cov cua kub dissipation thiab kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom puas los ntawm overheating.
5.2.2 Ib puag ncig kub heev
Nyob rau hauv huab cua kub ib puag ncig xws li tsis tshua muaj kub (-25 degree) thiab kub siab (+45 degree), tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv xws li cryo-resistant silicon steel los xij thiab siab- kub-resistant epoxy resins yuav tsum tau. Tsis tshua muaj kub resistant silicon steel los xij tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo sib nqus permeability nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig los xyuas kom meej lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub reactor. High-kub-resistant epoxy resins muaj cov cua kub tsis kam, tuaj yeem tswj cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tiv thaiv reactor rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua hauj lwm vim kub dhau.
5.3 Tshwj xeeb Scenario Adaptation
5.3.1 Kev sib koom ua ke tshiab zog
Hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog tshiab xws li photovoltaic (PV) thiab cua ua liaj ua teb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab (xws li photovoltaic inverters, cua turbine generators inverters, thiab lwm yam) tsim cov kev sib raug zoo tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog kev sib tshuam thiab hloov pauv cov zis hluav taws xob. High-voltage series reactor tuaj yeem ua rau cov nthwv dej tam sim no, ua rau cov kev sib raug zoo uas tsim los ntawm kev hloov khoom siv, txhim kho qhov kev sib tw impedance ntawm lub cev, ua kom lub zog tshiab ua kom zoo dua rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob, thiab ua kom ruaj khov ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob.
5.3.2 Rail Transit
Nyob rau hauv rail transit traction fais fab mov system, hluav taws xob locomotive yuav tsim ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm harmonic tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, yuav ua rau puas traction transformers thiab catenary khoom. Los ntawm kev txhim kho lim reactor, kev sib haum xeeb tam sim no tuaj yeem raug txwv, traction transformers thiab catenary cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, thiab kev ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhim kho.
VI. INTRODUCTION Technological Evolution: Yav Tom Ntej Trends in Material Innovation thiab Intelligent Upgrades
6.1 Material Innovation
Niaj hnub nimno high voltage reactors siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xws li tsis tshua muaj silicon steel ntawv thiab siab -copper conductivity nyob ntawm tej. Cov ntawv hlau qis tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 W / kg zoo heev txo cov tub ntxhais hlau poob. High Theconductivity tooj liab hlau ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 97% IACS txo cov tooj liab poob. Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no, qhov poob ntawm cov reactor qhuav tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg dua 0.3 W / kg, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob ntawm lub reactor.
6.2 Kev ua kom zoo dua qub
Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob compact high voltage series reactor yog tsim. Qhov kev tsim no optimizes cov qauv sab hauv thiab cov qauv ntawm lub reactor, txo cov hneev taw los ntawm ntau dua 30% thiab nce qhov chaw siv. Tib lub sijhawm, roj-leaching reactor yog nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntse, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho cov cua sov kom zoo raws li qhov ntsuas kub, txuag hluav taws xob hauv qhov sib zog, lav kev ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob rau hauv siab dua, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam kev ntseeg siab.
6.3 Intelligent upgrades
Niaj hnub nimno HV series reactors tau koom ua ke nrog cov ntsuas kub thiab ntawm -kab soj ntsuam kab ke, uas tuaj yeem sau cov ntaub ntawv xws li cua kub thiab kev co ntawm lub reactor nyob rau lub sijhawm. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj, kev sib sib zog nqus mining thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kwv yees tau, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm "kev saib xyuas" mus rau "kev saib xyuas xwm txheej" tuaj yeem ua tiav. Piv txwv li, 500 kV substation tau siv cov reactors ntse thiab siv cov kev soj ntsuam online thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj analytics txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem txhaum cai ua ntej. Kev tu thiab hloov raws sij hawm tau ua rau 60% txo qis hauv cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm thiab 60% txo cov nqi khiav lag luam, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob.
VII. Xaus:
High-voltage series reactor yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog ua raws li electromagnetic resonance thiab tam sim no tswj mechanism. Lawv hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv (cov tub ntxhais qhuav, cov tub ntxhais qhuav, roj-impregnatedcore). Lawv ua peb lub luag haujlwm hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob: kev txwv tam sim no, kev lim dej sib haum xeeb thiab cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob reactive, thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qib voltage, ib puag ncig thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tshiab thiab kev txawj ntse kho dua tshiab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm high voltage tandem reactor yuav raug txhim kho, uas yuav muab kev lav zoo dua rau kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, siab -voltage tandem reactors yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev txawj ntse thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kom ua tau raws li cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab cov qauv kev tsim hluav taws xob.